Mark 16 - Do We NEED a Happy Ending?
Until
just a few years ago when my husband mentioned it, I didn’t even know there was
a question about the ending of Mark 16. Sure enough when I opened my Bible, in
between verse 8 and 9 it says in brackets, “The earliest manuscripts and some
other ancient witnesses do not have Mark 16:9-20.”[1] When
comparing the shorter ending with the longer ending, it is clear that the
longer version is a happier ending. Did Bible editors include the longer
version just to give us a happy ending?
The
shorter ending is not a happy ending. It ends rather abruptly with women coming
to Jesus’ tomb to anoint his body with spices only to find the tomb empty. A
young man dressed in white tells them not be alarmed and to go tell the
disciples that Jesus will meet them in Galilee. Trembling and bewildered they
flee the scene, and say nothing to anyone because they were afraid.[2] Whereas
the longer ending has Jesus speaking to the apostles, His ascension to heaven,
and the apostles going out to preach and do miracles.[3] How
do we decide which is the real ending? And, does it matter?
In
his book The Resurrection of the Son of God, New Testament scholar
N.T. Wright states that those in favor of the shorter reading support their
position by arguing that the earliest manuscripts of the gospel of Mark
(fourth-century codices Sinaiticus and Vaticanus) end with verse 8.[4] The
longer reading is found in the fifth-century manuscripts (led by Alexandrinus).[5] Since
then, most manuscripts include the longer text.[6] (In
case you were wondering about the earliest papyrus fragments of the New
Testament, no copies of Mark 16 have yet been found.[7])
Wright
pops the bubbles on the theories of either endings. He reveals that most
contemporary commentators agree that while both the shorter and longer endings
“are extremely interesting, they are almost certainly not by Mark.”[8] Wright
concurs by rejecting both endings, claiming they are “lame substitutions.” He
argues that Mark wrote a different ending which is now lost,[9] or,
alternatively, Mark did not finish his book before he died—someone else
finished it for him.[10]
So,
what are we to do with all these theories? Do we allow this uncertainty to
shake our faith or cause us to doubt the rest of Scripture? Does this affect
the evidence for a resurrected Jesus? When faced with the unknown, it is
necessary to return to what is known. There is plenty of other evidence from
the New Testament, early Church Fathers, and even non-Christian ancient
historians for the resurrection of Jesus Christ. Even if we cannot be sure of a
happy ending to Mark, we can be sure of a happy ending for those who believe in
Jesus Christ. “For God so loved the world, that He gave His one and only Son,
that whoever believes in Him shall not perish but have eternal life.”[11]
[1] Mark 16:8-9. All Scripture quotations from
the New International Version unless otherwise noted.
[2] Mark 16:8. The “women” are identified in
Mark 16:1 as Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James, and Salome.
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